Thursday, April 27, 2017
Are Your New Hires Fitting In
Are Your New Hires Fitting In
In short, newcomers who thrived at the organization either communicated in a similar fashion as existing employees (implying that the hiring process had screened effectively for cultural fit), or the successful newcomers adapted their communication style so as to fit in at the organization. Those that left or did not succeed at the organization failed to adapt to the way people communicated at the tech company.
Available link for download
Sunday, April 23, 2017
Are ADHD Stimulant Drugs Bad for your Heart
Are ADHD Stimulant Drugs Bad for your Heart
- The administration of mixed amphetamines (Adderall) and the amphetamine-like compound methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) both raised systolic blood pressure (the higher number) by about 5 mm Hg. Based on other reviews, elevated blood pressure, even of this magnitude can pose as a major cardiovascular threat.
- Taking medications of this class (called sympathomimetic agents) results in a long-term increase in heart rate at potentially dangerous levels.
- Several drugs which are chemically similar to ADHD stimulant medications have been either pulled from the market or are subject to strong medical lobbying efforts for removal. Drugs such as ephedra and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) are both chemically similar to ADHD stimulants and have similar overlapping modes of action. Ephedra has been linked to the deaths of several professional and amateur athletes and a warning has been issued surrounding PPA and increased risks of hemorrhaging and stroke.
- The Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), which is a database used by the FDA to detect potential risks surrounding medications and other treatments, turned up multiple reports of sudden deaths associated with ADHD stimulant drugs, several which involved individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular defects and conditions. Additionally, a significant number of non-fatal heart difficulties such as heart attacks, irregular heart beats and stroke were observed.
- Many of these reports were "without proper documentation", so the FDA could not make any definitive conclusions from this data. Based on this bloggers opinion, the phrase "without proper documentation" could refer to either data which is not complete to the point of being statistically significant to warrant further action, or information that was disregarded due to minor "technicalities" intrinsic to a bureacratic system. It is neither my place nor my intention to villainize the FDA, but it is important to at least consider this information and keep it tucked away in the backs of our heads.
If the information and conclusions of the article appear bleak to you, that is because they are. Nevertheless, it is important to note that this is one persons opinion, which, although echoed by many, is by no means unanimous. Having said that, I believe that the following steps should be taken for anyone considering stimulant medications for ADHD or a related disorder:
- A thorough screen of both an individuals background and their family history should be done before starting any type of ADHD stimulant medication.
- Numerical measurements such as blood pressure and heart rates should be taken frequently and passed on to the individuals physician. Keep in mind that even moderate increases in either of these can pose serious cardiovascular risks over time.
- For individuals with pre-existing heart problems, these medications should only be taken in cases of severe levels of ADHD (where the risks of non-treatment would be potentially more injurious to the individual than the elevated cardiovascular risks associated with these drugs).
- Even minor changes and symptoms need to be reported immediately and communicated to a supervising physician.
I believe that, in spite of the information presented in this, as well as other articles, ADHD medications can still be administered safely. However, I also believe that a more stringent set of conditions should be met, especially with regards to an individuals overall cardiovascular health. For those who believe that they fall into the "cardiovascular risk" category, I will soon be outlining some useful strategies to help reduce the potential risks and improve the overall safety of these ADHD medications.
Available link for download
Thursday, April 20, 2017
Are You a First Principle Thinker
Are You a First Principle Thinker
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Thursday, April 13, 2017
As we are now!
As we are now!









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Saturday, April 8, 2017
Are You Here 2013 Movie Hd Download Free Watch Online
Are You Here 2013 Movie Hd Download Free Watch Online
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Director: Matthew Weiner
Running time: 112 minutes
Screenplay: Matthew Weiner
Music composed by: David Carbonara
Initial release: December 5, 2013 (Denmark)
Two childhood best friends set about a road trip back to their hometown after one learns he has inherited a large sum of cash from his recently deceased estranged father.
Filming began on May well 7, 2012, in Winston-Salem, Vermont. [1] On April 11, 2014, it absolutely was announced that Millennium Entertainment is next to close the distribution deal with the film.
Available link for download
Sunday, April 2, 2017
Are Technical Experts Better Leaders
Are Technical Experts Better Leaders
- 13 former NBA All-Stars have won championships as a coach, totaling 18 championships.
- 9 former players, who never earned All-Star status as players, won 24 championships.
- 10 men who never played in the NBA won championships, totaling 28 championships.
Available link for download
Sunday, March 26, 2017
Are Bigg Boss Wild Card Entrants Not Allowed To Talk About Demonetization
Are Bigg Boss Wild Card Entrants Not Allowed To Talk About Demonetization
Before the four Wild Cards entered Bigg Boss 10, Bollywood PR guru Dale Bhagwagar had suggested on his Twitter, “Firebrand #PriyankaJagga needs to quickly re-enter the #BiggBoss House as a #WildCard and inform all the housemates that all their bundles of cash lying in their lockers would be redundant by the time they come out of the show.”
“This move itself will cause the greatest tumultuous drama on the show and its #TRPs will hit the roof. #BiggBoss10 #BB10,” he had written. What’s more!
A week later, Jagga did enter with the three other Wild Cards, Jason Shah, Sahil Anand and Elena Kazan (who even returned in just a week), but we have still not seen any panic or discussions about demonetization amongst the contestants.
Our sources tell us that Wild Cards might have been instructed not to mention demonetization inside the BB House as it may not only lead to panic, but also kill the drive of some contestants to survive on the show.
Earlier, host Salman Khan had casually asked the housemates if they had any notes of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 at home and they had replied, “plenty.” Salman had laughed at them and walked away, without informing them about the hullabaloo going in the country outside the BB House after the notes ban.
Bigg Boss 10 is said to be trailing in TRPs this season, and the makers might not be wanting to risk more, considering the contestants could lose their fighting spirit and want to go home to take care of their stashed cash.
Moreover, they may not be want any contestant speaking against Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the show, especially with half-baked information.
Available link for download
Friday, March 24, 2017
Are you stuck in this information security rut
Are you stuck in this information security rut
Heres a new post I wrote for Rapid7s blog that I think you might like...
Theres nothing really new in the world in which we work. Every problem you face in information security has already been solved by someone else. Why not use that to your advantage? Theres no time for baby steps in security. Sure, you need to walk before you run by thinking before you act. That comes in the form of knowing your network, understanding your risks, and getting the right people on board. But not taking the time to learn from other peoples mistakes and developments in information security is downright bad for business...{read more at Rapid7.com}
Available link for download
Thursday, March 23, 2017
Are Millennials Really All That Different
Are Millennials Really All That Different
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Tuesday, March 21, 2017
Are we all here Good Now lets begin
Are we all here Good Now lets begin
Well, youll be pleased to know I managed to squeeze in another rainy ride this morning, and heres yet another entry for my new coffee table book, "Scenic Pee Spots of the Lower Hudson Valley:"
Its a work in progress.
By the way, can you spot all the holiday gift ideas in the above photo?
--EH Works tool roll: ?
--Brooks Cambium: ?
--Milwaukee metal-tubed bicycle frame: ?
(Yeah, sure, buy yourself a new bike frame, you deserve it.)
And dont forget that as I took that picture I was wearing a Walz cap and was jacked up on Bike Snob coffee, hence the pee break.
Yes, your life could also be this glamorous! Just imagine urinating publicly in Yonkers whilst bedecked in the finest artisanal cycling accoutrements. All you need to do is head on over to the BSNYC Margin Mall and exercise your shopping finger.
Then again, I suppose all those items are all fairly traditional, so if youre in the market for something a bit more cutting-edge you might want to head over to Kickstarter instead. For example, nows the time to get in on the ground floor with Kwiggle® the worlds most compact folding bike:
Though before you do, you should know that the Kwiggle®Meister is a supervillain who is going to take over the world:

Anyway, Im not sure whether or not this is indeed the worlds most compact folding bike as it purports to be, but I do know that "Riding the Kwiggle®" is officially the most sexually suggestive non-sexual phrase of 2016--which makes this phrase positively salacious:
"People who try Kwiggle® always say they like the relaxing ride."
I bet they do.
But what makes the Kwiggle® truly special is that you stand bolt upright while riding it:

Yes, youve got to be fully erect to ride the Kwiggle® or else it wont work.
Anyway, lest you think the Kwiggle® is only for those who live in an urban environment, this Kwiggle® Fred proves that its equally at home in town:


Plus, you can even hit Kwiggle® Fred "Woo-hoo-hoo-hoo!" speed on it, which is somewhere around 30kph:

So if youve ever longed to marry the convenience of a Brompton with the pushing-a-shopping-cart riding position of a Segway then the Kwiggle® may be the bike-like contraption for you.
Of course, as more and more cities adopt bike share there could be less and less need for gadgets like the Kwiggle®, though some of these towns could really stand to work harder on their marketing campaigns:
Seriously, it seems like Los Angeles should have way cooler bike share videos. Youve got to figure there are at least five or ten aspiring filmmakers at any given coffee shop who would have been willing to take a swing at this for free. (Not to mention some aspiring actors who actually know how to balance a bicycle.) And what the hell is up with their crazy train PSAs?!?
Okay, so the cop or security agent or whatever he is frightens this kid off with a series of aggressive hand gestures that could easily be construed as assault:

The kid then hits some debris on the platform because the agency has been criminally negligent:

And finally he goes flying into a train and gets his leg cut off:

He may be off the board for awhile but hes going to win millions from that lawsuit.
But hey, what do I know? Im used to our anti-preening PSAs:

Thanks to these, now whenever my kid sees someone on the train applying lipstick he says to me in a stage whisper, "SHE SHOULDNT BE DOING THAT!"
"Yeah? And I shouldnt be doing this, either," I reply as I crack open a can of beer cunningly concealed in a paper bag.
By the way, the person on the left appears to be doing some manscaping:

Hey, weve all been there.
Lastly, youll be dismayed to learn that the fixie-bro film genre refuses to die, as evidenced in this promotional video for the holiday season from Chrome, the Affliction Clothing of messenger bag companies:
The Holidays are a time for reflection. To come together with those who mean most and look back on the all the good times weve shared. This year we brought together members of our Familia, decked them out in our Night Series gear and set them loose on the streets of NYC.
They did indeed. My favorite is when this doofus speeds into an intersection:

Cuts this pedestrian the fuck off in the crosswalk:

And then does his very best to hit a taxi cab:

Brilliant.
Take that, society!
But you know, the ugly-ass Chrome shoes do have tiny reflective details (the "reflection" in the video description, how clever) so its all okay:

Yes, minimal visibility is what you need when youre doing that salmon-to-whip-skid in the bike lane:

You also work up quite an appetite, which is why after inconveniencing pedestrians while modeling clothes these bros are totally gonna destroy some night-brunch:

Thank you, San Francisco, for always exporting the very finest aspects of your culture to our city.
Available link for download
Thursday, March 16, 2017
Are There Significant Differences Between Human and Chimp Genes
Are There Significant Differences Between Human and Chimp Genes
Kyle- What is the evolutionary explanation for humor? Humans and other animals find things funny, sometimes debilitating so, but I have trouble seeing why and to what end.
Humor is a tricky thing to even define colloquially, let alone technically. But one such definition that Ive heard that I think is appropriate in both contexts is that humor equals tragedy plus time, or tragedy averted. Take, for example, the classic gag of a person slipping on a banana peel. The person comes walking along, slips, and falls on their behind. The tragedy would be if that in falling, that person broke his neck and died, but this is never part of the gag. The person suffers no more than a bruised ego, and so we regard it as funny. Or you could think of it in less of a gag setting, and somewhat more personal. Lets say that youre walking down the street with some friends, and you slip on something and fall to the ground. Immediately, youd probably expect your friends to show concern for your well-being- they are anticipating some tragedy. But you get up again, dust yourself off, and appear to be fine- at which point they start to laugh at that same specific thing that threatened you just a few seconds before, and even point out your facial expression as the thing most hilarious. So how does this make sense in evolutionary theory? Well, there has actually been a good bit of research on the origins of laughter, and there are some reasonable hypotheses out there. There is a highly detailed, but worthwhile review paper published in the December 2005 Quarterly Review of Biology, authored by Matthew Gervais and David Sloan Wilson from Binghamton University. They define classical laughter as a response a sudden unexpected change in events that is perceived to be at once not serious and in a social context. The actual physical act of laughing is homologous to the play-panting seen in other primates, and thus would be considered a pre-adaptation for the development of laughter in humans. Laughter would have become a ritualized way to spread positive emotional states within a social group in early hominids, as far back as 4 million years ago. Thus, laughter evolved as a kind of social glue in our ancestors to promote social interactions during those times in which they were not being threatened by predators, famine, or other environmental stressors. And in fact, this is still how laughter is used today- its still a powerful social tool, and can even be taken advantage of to lift our emotional states during times which are actually tragic.
Elias- My main problem is with how information can come to together to actually create lifeforms. How is it that DNA came to be? I know evolution doesnt deal with the origins of life, but sooner or later something has to. It all seems way too complicated to have happened by chance.
Well, first of all, there are two words here that should signal alarm bells for those of you who have been listening to this podcast from the beginning. The first is information. Ill refer you to the excellent discussion of information theory in the context of evolution which was given by my good friend Ryan just a couple podcasts ago. Secondly, the word chance. Ill refer you back to the Random or nonrandom podcast for that. Briefly, information doesnt create lifeforms, and life doesnt happen by chance. And, youre right- the origins of life, or abiogenesis, are not part of evolutionary theory. However, there are several hypotheses of abiogenesis, and the one which I find most plausible is the one put forth by Richard Dawkins, in his book The Selfish Gene. Basically, it hinges on the concept of replication. Of all the prebiotic organic molecules which could have existed prior to the origin of life, only a few could have been able to replicate themselves. But all that is needed is for one species of molecule to be able to replicate, and then by definition it will outcompete everything else. DNA was likely a later adaptation of RNA, or something similar to RNA, since it is a more stable replication template, but RNA is still used as the sole replication medium for many kinds of viruses.
Jack- are advances in modern science slowing human evolution by enabling people who would normally be unable to reproduce, to pass on their genes; and if so, are humans going to keep evolving?
The question is: do humans need to keep evolving? If we have developed the capability to control our environment to the point where people who otherwise would be unable to live and reproduce are doing so, then theres very little that evolution needs to do. Think for a moment- the only goal of your genes is to replicate themselves. If modern science allows for more genes to replicate, then from the perspective of evolution, thats just fine and dandy. I think the unstated part of your question is: are we damaging ourselves, or are we precluding ourselves from becoming something better by enabling more people to pass on their genes? I think the first part of that is a serious consideration, but bear in mind that science has to be able to ameliorate that damage, or else we wouldnt be having so many more people survive. From a moral standpoint, its possible that certain recessive genes are being increased in frequency which cause painful genetic diseases, but it remains the individual moral choice of the individuals who have those recessive genes to procreate. Many people, due to genetic counseling, choose not to pass on their recessive genes in the hope that they will prevent the suffering of their children. But thats not a decision that science can force on them- it can only inform. The second part- are we preventing ourselves from becoming something better? I think this is just an X-Men fantasy. We cant predict what the next evolutionary step will be in human development, because we cant be sure what environmental changes will take place. Remember, evolution is driven by the adaptation to the environment. Its quite possible that the next evolutionary step would be to lose traits- this happens in many species. Evolution is not necessarily a teleological process- theres no evolutionary ladder. And there may be no next step at all- it could be extinction.
Steve- I am wondering why so much of the furor over evolution is dedicated to Animals and (I think mostly) Humans. Is there ever a controversy over plant life? And, I am wondering how complete the fossil record is for plants, can we see more transitional species in plant fossils? Also, do you have a suggested reading list? Maybe non-techincal books?
Humans are egotistical. We like to think of ourselves most of all, and we like to think of those animals which are more similar to us next, on and on in due order. Plants tend to be taken for granted most of the time, or at the least they dont get as much time in the spotlight. But they have been, and are being studied. Paleobotany is the field of research which studies prehistoric plant life. There are plenty of plant fossils showing the progression of plant evolution onto land- and the molecular evidence shows that the earliest of these would have been liverworts, which are very similar to mosses in many ways, and in fact used to be classified with mosses. After these, we find plants with a true vascular structure, of which the earliest are ferns. And finally, we find seed-bearing plants, with the flowering plants being the most recently evolved of this group. As far as a suggested reading list, I think P.Z. Myers has come up with an excellent list, which you can find at his blog Pharyngula, but Ill highlight some of my favorites. Finding Darwins God by Ken Miller is a great non-technical book in general, and is especially good for those who have, for whatever reason, a theological predisposition against evolution. Matt Ridleys book Genome is also a pretty good read, as is anything by Richard Dawkins, particularly his most recent, The Ancestors Tale. If youre feeling particularly intrepid, I cant help but recommend reading Charles Darwin himself. Very few people do, but I think it adds a good perspective to read the mans own words.
Tom- Wouldnt a genetic designer (of any kind) tend to use the same proteins/DNA sequences over and over if he or she were to modify an organism or build one from scratch? I think your argument left a hole open for the Intelligent Design crowd to walk into. Repetitive protein functionality between species could be viewed as the act of a logical and efficient "designer", be it human, God or extraterrestrial, one who repeatedly uses genetic sequences that are known to work well. -- You might comment on this perspective and also about how human genetic engineers are tinkering with evolution.
This is a tricky argument, because youre presuming to know what intentions such a designer would have had when designing organisms. The problem is that, given the existence of such a designer, we can determine empirically what options would have been available. If youre familiar with my series on the molecular evidence for evolution, you already know that all options would have been available. So there is no compelling reason why conserved genes would have shown similar sequences between different species. It would have been entirely possible for each species to have a completely different sequence. But the opposite is true, also. As Ive shown before, the yeast cytochrome C gene can be replaced by the human cytochrome C gene, even though the sequences are very different. So if a designer really wanted to be logical and efficient, it would have made all species with genes that are coded by the same sequences, since clearly theyre interchangeable. What is actually the case, however, is that species which share physiological homology also share molecular homology, and at the same amount. That is, a human shares more physiological homology with a mouse than with yeast, and it also shares more molecular homology with a mouse, even though its been shown that there is no molecular need for this to be. So the conclusion has to be that, if there is a designer, it has designed the genes of all organisms to indicate that they have not been designed at all.
Jase- Im curious about how blood types came to be. I keep hearing about a blood type diet and I was wondering if there is any real evolutionary support that people with different blood types should have diets that include the foods that were available in the areas that each blood type developed. Is it important enough to be considered advantageous to consume these foods for health benefits?
Although the data is not completely clear, recent research seems to suggest that blood types arose as part of the immune system. Blood type is conferred by molecules that bind to the outside of your erythrocytes, or red blood cells. These molecules are essentially made up of sugar chains that are attached to the outer membrane of the red blood cell, and are immunologically reactive. Because of this, they are considered to be antigenic, which means that the can bind to specific antibodies which will recognize their particular three-dimensional structure. The only chance theyll have to come in contact with these antibodies is if theyre placed into a persons body who does not have the specific blood type molecules already. For example, a person with A type molecules on their red blood cells will have antibodies against B type, but not A. And a person with B type molecules will have antibodies against A type, but not B. So if a person with B type blood receives A type blood as a donation, the anti-A antibodies will bind to the A-type blood, and do what antibodies are supposed to do, and essentially blow them up. And this is why its important to receive only blood that is your type. Unless youre type AB, which means that you have neither A nor B antibodies, and can receive anybodys blood. The opposite of this would be type O, which means that since you have neither A nor B molecules on your red blood cells, you have antibodies against each, and so you can only receive type O blood.
The reason why these specific molecules seem to have arisen through evolution is suggested in the fact that people who have either A or B molecules on their blood cells seem to be better at fighting off bacterial infections, while those who have neither seem to be better at fighting off viral infections. Because populations are burdened with bacterial and viral infections at different times, neither genotype has become the most popular, and we have a pretty good mix of the different blood types in the population today, although type A is pretty popular in most populations except among Bengalis, who favor type B. What doesnt seem to have any weight is the notion that someones blood type determines what kind of diet one should eat. This is a fallacious way of thinking about genetics- there are many factors which influence how one is able to metabolize certain foods, and there is no reason to think that all of the genetic factors would associate with the gene that assigns blood type. In addition to diet, according to this blood type diet book, people with different blood types are also supposed to have specific personality traits. That just adds more complexity to the whole mess- now were supposed to believe that the many genetic and environmental factors that lead to the development of our personality are determined simply by the single gene that determines our blood type? This sounds like so much hogwash to me. This is classic pseudoscience- it plays on peoples general knowledge of blood type as a scientific reality, and then adds on fantastical claims that run counter to what we know about genetics, all while playing on peoples desire to have an easy solution to the problem of being too fat. My advice- eat well-balanced meals, get plenty of exercise, get advice from your physician, and try not to pay attention to the media-driven beauty ideals.

Lenny- My Brothers local public school started to post these stickers on textbooks, what is the best organization to contact with this that would want to overturn it?
Well, the same thing happened in Georgia, as you probably know, and a federal district judge ruled that unconstitutional last year. That case was brought by the ACLU- if you want to contact them about this, theyd probably be the best bet, although I would imagine that theyre either already aware of it, or their efforts are already underway. But certainly give them a call- and write me back to let me know what progress is made.
Bonnie- I love debating science controversies with my colleagues, but one particularly religious one didnt deny evolution, but had a few reservations about it. His argument referred to why scientists cant put survival pressures on organisms in the lab to make them evolve. I know that this happens with quickly reproducing organisms like bacteria, but has anyone tried it with higher organisms? Such as making a frog fly? Id imagine getting the funding for this sort of thing might be difficult, and take a long time. :) Do you think its possible? And if so why hasnt it been done (or has it)?
Scientists do put survival pressures on organisms in the lab to make them evolve all the time. And in fact, there are frogs that fly already- or glide, actually. Many species of Asian tree frogs can glide from branch to branch using the extended webbing between their toes to cushion their fall, just like flying squirrels or lizards or snakes do. But if its real powered flight youre after- given the reproduction rate of frogs, its just not something thats feasible within even the career of one scientist. Just look at dogs- weve been breeding them for thousands of years, and while weve been able to get them to change in amazing ways, we just dont have enough time to turn them into separate species. Not that weve been trying to make new species, necessarily. But that gives you some idea of the amount of time required for such large changes. But I dont really see why you need to reproduce in the laboratory what can be verified already in nature. Frogs (or, frog-like amphibians) did evolve to fly- theyre called birds. Birds evolved from saurid reptiles, which evolved from diapsid reptiles, which evolved from early amniotic tetrapods, which split from amphibians. We dont need to replicate this in the laboratory because we can use the fossil and molecular evidence to demonstrate that its already happened.
Brian- In your Molecular Evidence for Evolution #2 you said that no human and chimp gene differ by more than 3%. Please see the HAR1 gene, which is one of several HARs that differ by as much as 20%!
This was a great email, and I really wish I had some kind of prize to hand out, but I dont, so let me just say, kudos to you, Brian! Really, well done. Yes, its true- I said, Since the average primate generation is 20 years, the predicted difference between a chimpanzee gene and a human gene is less than 3%. And this is true for most other genes too- every gene that Ive looked at, no less. In fact, Id like to challenge anyone whod like to disprove this evidence to find a gene that shows more than 3% difference- Ill even do the work for you, even thought its easy to do by yourself.
And HAR1 does indeed show a great deal of difference between humans and chimpanzees, in fact. I was wondering if anyone would mention this to me, since Im pretty sure that the same article Brian read also came across my desk, although for a slightly different reason- one of the genes that interacts with HAR1 is relevant to my research. It was a recent publication- in the August 18th issue of Nature, no less, a very prestigious journal. So, in my defense, when I issued the challenge earlier this year, these genes had not yet been discovered. Also, in my defense, the difference isnt quite so much as Brian says, but its a really interesting discovery anyway, and relevant to evolution, so Ill go into it here.
As you know, human and chimpanzee genomes are incredibly similar, and in fact are more similar to each other than to any other organism, indicating that the two species split from a common ancestor. Well, its no big surprise to anyone listening, I hope, that despite the close similarities in our genes, humans and chimpanzees have a lot of differences. Ive mentioned many here before, such as our conspicuous lack of body hair, but another obvious difference is our advanced intellectual capacity. It would seem to be a reasonable prediction of evolution that of the genetic differences that exist between humans and chimpanzees, a significant number of them should be in some way related to our neurological development.
Now, ten years ago, it would have been a very difficult task to find these differences. Sure, you could compare each gene one by one, but we have a lot or genes, so that would take a very long time. Now, however, the entire genome of both humans and chimpanzees has been published and is available electronically, so comparing differences is now just a matter of using the right algorithms and utilizing enough processing power. And this is exactly what was done by a collaborative effort out of UC Santa Cruz, UC Davis, and Cornell University in the United States, the University of Brussels in Belgium, and the Universite Claude Bernard in France. They went looking for regions of the human and chimpanzee genomes that showed a significant difference, and they found some. Forty-nine, to be exact. The name given to these regions is human accelerated regions, or HARs, which pretty much tells you that theyre different right in the name. One region stood out as much more different than the rest, and since they were numbered as ranked by difference, it is, in fact, HAR1. And yes, within a 118-base pair region, there are 18 substitutions in the human sequence as compared to the chimpanzee sequence, which is actually a 15% difference, not 20%, but its still a big difference compared to most other regions.
However, HAR1 is not in itself a gene, its a region in a gene. Two genes, actually. HAR1F and HAR1R, which both utilize the HAR1 region as part of their transcript, but are transcribed in different directions. Now, I went ahead and compared the full-length HAR1F genes in humans and chimps, and when you compare the entire gene, the difference drops down to 6.3%. But thats still double the difference in most other genes- as it happens, most of the difference is confined to one section of the gene transcript, which gives some insight into why that large difference is meaningful. As it happens, this gene does not appear to result in the synthesis of a protein product. As you probably remember from my molecular biology primer, a protein is the ultimate result of a gene most of the time. Remember, DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated into protein. If theres no protein being made, but the gene is being transcribed, then there has to be something being done by the RNA transcript. And the analysis of the RNA transcript shows that, in fact, there is a predicted structure formed from the RNA transcript itself, and most of the differences between the human and chimpanzee genes seem to be within this structure. It seems to be likely that this RNA structure is providing some kind of functional difference between humans and chimpanzees, and the scientists examined the expression pattern of this transcript to determine if they could find anything relevant about gene by looking at where and when it is turned on.
What they found was that this gene is activated during brain development, and is actively expressed by specific neurons crucial to cortical growth and organization. This strongly suggests that it has played an important role in the evolution of the human brain, and is one of the major genetic distinctions between humans and chimpanzees. Not surprisingly, close to a quarter of the other HAR regions were found in the noncoding regions adjacent to genes important to neurodevelopment, suggesting that they play a role in the regulation of those genes, and thus also contribute to our enhanced brains.
So, although for most of our genes, we differ only slightly from chimpanzees, the few places that do show a significant difference, not surprisingly, are places that contribute to the physiological characteristics which we already know are significantly different between our two species. This is a really cool utilization of genomics, molecular biology, and evolutionary biology, and Im all too happy to have my challenge met.
Available link for download
Are All Christians Judgmental
Are All Christians Judgmental
Tonight, Im feeling weary.
Im weary for a lot of reasons, but I am especially weary at the moment from the multitude of comments I have been hearing lately about how judgmental we Christians are. Its all over the place really...the media, Facebook status posts, in the comment section of any semi-Christian-related online article, and on the tip of every unbelieving or Im-a-Christian-but-Im-not-one-of-those-Christians tongue. And its making me feel weary.
I mean, after all, what exactly does it mean to pass judgment on someone? Granted, Im sure you have probably met some Christians who have been judgmental. I have. Ive also been a judgmental Christian from time to time. However, I have to admit that before becoming a Christian, I was judgmental a lot more of the time. Which brings me to the point that Im sure youve met plenty of judgmental people who arent Christians, too. You know, some might say that when you group all Christians together and call them judgmental, that you are the one passing judgment.
I digress.
So I looked up the word judging in the Websters 1828 dictionary. (The word judgmental wasnt there.) This is what I found:
JUDGING, ppr. Hearing and determining; forming an opinion; dooming.
Now, Im just going to assume that no one is actually concerned about Christians hearing and determining or forming an opinion. After all, doesnt everyone these days believe that everyones opinion has merit? I mean, what you believe is true is true for you and what I believe is true is true for me, right? Unless of course, I believe that there is an absolute truth, and especially if I believe that absolute truth is equivalent with biblical truth, and that couldnt possibly be true! That opinion has no merit whatsoever ... only opinions that agree that my true is true and your true is true can be true. Right?
Once again, I digress.
So, Im thinking that the most appropriate definition according to Webster for what many people mean when they say that Christians are constantly judging others is dooming. And Im curious, what is it exactly that you find us, as an ENTIRE group, doing that is so dooming? I think I know the answer. Okay, I wont be cheeky...I know the answer! I know it because so many people are screaming about it these days. Here it is...
Christians are judgmental because we refuse to acknowledge sin as okay.
That is what it boils down to, right? It really upsets people when someone disagrees with their life choices (or in some cases - the life choices of someone they know) and actually says out loud that it is wrong. But is disagreeing with someone being judgmental - is it dooming them? Or is it simply disagreeing.
After all, isnt it Christians (true, bible-believing Christians) who are the first to admit that they are nothing but sinners saved by grace themselves? Apostle Paul said,
Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinnersof whom I am the worst." -1 Timothy 1:12-15
And I would really like to clear the air for those of you who think I am judgmental. I would like to stand in agreement with Paul. I am the worst of sinners. Even though I was once a blasphemer and a liar and an adulterer, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus!
Paul goes on later to describe how even after becoming a Christian, he still struggles with sin...
" I know that nothing good lives in me, that is, in my sinful nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out. For what I do is not the good I want to do; no, the evil I do not want to dothis I keep on doing." -Romans 7:18-19
I hear you, Paul...Im so with you! God has changed my heart and I seek to do His will, but I struggle every day. I struggle with acting out in anger. I struggle with laziness and selfishness. I struggle with hypocrisy. I struggle with sin because I am sinner.
But still, I will not tell you that sin is okay.
Romans 6:23 says, "The wages of sin is death" .
If God calls it sin, I will call it sin ... whether it is your sin or my sin. So does that make me judgmental?
Maybe it does. You know, now that I think about it....maybe its not the fact that you call me judgmental that really bothers me. Maybe its what you imply with the word. Because it seems that no one can ever make a statement about all those "judgmental Christians" without following it up with another comment almost exactly like the following...
Why cant we just treat everybody as equals?
And this is the one that really burns me. Why is it that you think that if I disagree with you, Im not treating you as an equal? And if that really is your logic, than why in the world cant you treat me as an equal?!
Romans 3:23 says, "For ALL have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God." That means YOU sin, I sin, WE ALL sin. Thats equality, folks!
John 3:16 says, "For God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that EVERYONE who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life."(NLT) To follow up with Romans 6:23 it says, "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord." You see, God loves ALL of us, despite our sin. He sent His Son to die for ALL of our sins and He offers the gift of free salvation to ANYONE who will accept it. That is equality!
And by the way, if I disagree with you or something you do ... that DOES NOT mean I hate you. It doesnt even mean I dont like you. And it certainly doesnt mean that I find you unequal to me. It just means I disagree with you. As a Christian, I am called to love you...and to be honest, because of the way God has changed my heart over the years... most of the time, I even want to love you! I want to show you the love that God has shown me. I can love you, without loving your sin.
And finally, while you are screaming for all that equality for ALL, could I ask you one favor? Will you truly consider equality for all? Will you give Christians the right to have an opinion without deeming us as haters and homophobes? Too much to ask? Fine. Then will you consider equality for ALL regardless of their age or ability to contribute to society? Will you consider equality for the unborn?
Just thoughts to chew on tonight.
Im sorry if Ive come off as sarcastic this evening. Im sorry if you feel Ive been rude. Like I said, Im just feeling a little weary.
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Tuesday, March 7, 2017
Are the Children Your Enemies
Are the Children Your Enemies
hear the song in the link below and see the photos, then ask your self: WHY?
are the Americans worthy, of course not all the Americans, there are very noble Americans who are suffering from Bush the second in the way the whole World does- sorry my noble American friends- and back to the question:
are the Americans worthy to have a safer world through the Iraqi children pain and mothers agony? is there anything in the World worthy while the price is a child, any child?
during the injust bloackade impossed on Iraqby the Bush the first, Clonton and Bush the second, more than 750 000 Iraqi children under five; during the bloody Bush invasion under the ongoing occupation no body knows how many Iraqi children were and still bein killing.. Are Iarqi children the Americans enemy? are the iraqi children terrorists?
No TERRORIST on the EARTH except BUSH
http://nobravery.cf.huffingtonpost.com/
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Are You A Workaholic Part 2
Are You A Workaholic Part 2
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